近日，世界權(quán)威科研雜志《自然》（Nature）的一篇文章報(bào)道中，出現(xiàn)了“秈”和“粳”兩個(gè)漢字，頗為矚目。
文章報(bào)道 截圖
3月10日，《自然》系列期刊Nature Portfolio刊發(fā)專(zhuān)題文章《塑造未來(lái) —Omics for all》對(duì)中國(guó)基因組測(cè)序機(jī)構(gòu)華大基因進(jìn)行了特別報(bào)道。
On March 10, Nature Portfolio published an article entitled Shaping the Future of Omics for All, reporting the story of Chinese genome-sequencing organization BGI Genomics.
Nature Portfolio對(duì)華大基因的報(bào)道全文
文章報(bào)道了關(guān)于華大基因多年來(lái)在基因科技及生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展，介紹了華大基因在人類(lèi)基因組計(jì)劃、3000水稻基因組計(jì)劃、多組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘系統(tǒng)Dr. Tom等國(guó)際重大項(xiàng)目的研究成果。文中出現(xiàn)的 “秈”和“粳”兩個(gè)漢字則是來(lái)自于此前華大基因科研人員參與的關(guān)于水稻基因組測(cè)序的研究論文。
The story reported BGI’s development in life sciences over the past few decades and the organization’s achievements in the Human Genome Project, the 3,000 Rice Genomes Project and data mining system Dr. Tom. The two Chinese characters of 秈 (Xian) and 粳 (Geng) in the report originated from a paper on rice genomes, which was co-published by BGI researchers.
2018年，華大基因和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院、國(guó)際水稻研究所共同啟動(dòng)的 “全球3000份水稻核心種質(zhì)資源重測(cè)序計(jì)劃”的主文章發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上。
The "3,000 Rice Genomes Project", jointly initiated by BGI Genomics, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Rice Research Institute, was published in Nature in 2018.
正是在這篇學(xué)術(shù)論文，使得“秈”和“粳”兩個(gè)漢字以圖片的形式插入到文章中，漢字首次被印刷在全英文雜志《自然》期刊上。
In this English language journal, the paper features the two Chinese characters of 秈 (Xian) and 粳 (Geng) in its graphics.
2018年發(fā)表在《自然》期刊上的3000份水稻研究計(jì)劃論文 截圖
據(jù)悉，在該論文發(fā)表之前，國(guó)際上均以“Indica（印度型）”和“Japonica（日本型）”來(lái)命名水稻。作為栽培稻種的最重要原產(chǎn)地之一，中國(guó)有著5000多年的水稻種植歷史。所以，用 “Indica” 和 “Japonica” 兩個(gè)單詞來(lái)命名水稻的兩個(gè)亞種，不能真實(shí)地反映秈稻和粳稻的親緣關(guān)系、地理分布和起源演化過(guò)程。
It is reported that before the paper was published, international academia had used IndicaandJaponica, which are Indian and Japanese names for breeds of rice. However, as one of the most important origins of paddy rice, China has more than 5,000 years of cultivation. It is therefore incorrect to useIndicaandJaponica to name the rice subgroups ofXianandGengto represent the subgroups’ relationship, location, and evolution.
基于此，研究人員從水稻的歷史起源向《自然》審稿人員進(jìn)行了闡釋?zhuān)?jīng)過(guò)近兩年的溝通討論，《自然》不僅恢復(fù)了Xian和Geng的拼音命名系統(tǒng)，“秈”和“粳”兩個(gè)漢字也最終加入這本全英文期刊中。
Based on this, researchers had to explain the history and origin of rice to the paper’s editors. After nearly two years of back and forth discussion, the names of rice subgroups were renewed to XianandGeng, and the Chinese characters were printed in Nature.
漢字首次出現(xiàn)在《自然》的文章中，不僅是全球頂尖學(xué)術(shù)期刊對(duì)中國(guó)稻作文化和科技實(shí)力的認(rèn)可，也成為華大基因繼2002年完成水稻基因組框架圖的繪制和完善的水稻精細(xì)圖之后，在水稻研究領(lǐng)域的又一個(gè)里程碑。
The debut of Chinese characters in Nature represents the recognition of Chinese rice culture and its scientific and technological strength by the world's top academic journal. It is also a milestone for BGI in rice research after it completed the rice genome framework and fine mapping in 2002.
談及水稻基因組研究成果，論文共同通訊作者、華大基因信息分析高級(jí)工程師太帥帥在本次《自然》雜志采訪(fǎng)中提到，通過(guò)單核苷酸多態(tài)性分析（SNP），以及對(duì)基因組結(jié)構(gòu)性變異（SV）的比較分析，支持了不同水稻譜系的多源假說(shuō)。
Through single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis, and the comparative analysis of the genomes of structural variation (SV), their work supports the multiple origin hypothesis of different rice lineages, said Tai Shuaishuai, BGI Genomics researcher specializing in agriculture genetics.
華大基因信息分析高級(jí)工程師太帥帥
對(duì)于2011年“全球3000份水稻核心種質(zhì)資源重測(cè)序計(jì)劃”正式啟動(dòng)到相關(guān)研究論文發(fā)布一事，太帥帥如今仍然感慨頗深：“10年前，我們克服的最大挑戰(zhàn)之一是測(cè)序通量低，資源稀缺。為了完成水稻基因組的測(cè)序，華大基因充分發(fā)揮自身的測(cè)序能力。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的創(chuàng)新，華大基因現(xiàn)有的測(cè)序能力比2010年代初提升了100倍以上?！?/p>
"One of the biggest challenges we overcame 10 years ago was the very low sequencing throughput, and scarce resources. In order to complete the sequencing of the rice genomes, BGI Genomics had to use all the sequencing capacity. But after years of innovation, sequencing power is now more than 100 times faster than in the early 2010s," Tai said.
成立于1999年，華大基因是一家隨著“人類(lèi)基因組計(jì)劃”誕生的企業(yè)。除了水稻基因的研究之外，作為一家自帶“科研基因”的公司，華大的科研足跡遍布生命科學(xué)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
Founded in 1999, BGI was launched to participate and contribute to the HGP. Apart from rice genomes, as a company with scientific research DNA, BGI has expanded its footprint to all fields of life sciences.
2021年，華大聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人兼董事長(zhǎng)汪建參與了西太平洋馬里亞納海溝的科考作業(yè)，對(duì)生活在地表以下10公里的生物進(jìn)行了采樣。
In 2021, Wang Jian, BGI co-founder and chairman, was part of an expedition to the western Pacific Ocean, helping to sample organisms living 10 kilometers below the surface.
汪建談道：“我們團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)諸如馬里亞納海溝生態(tài)環(huán)境科研計(jì)劃的國(guó)際合作項(xiàng)目高度支持。”
"Our team is keen to support international collaborations, such as the Mariana Trench Environment and Ecology Research Project," Wang said.
對(duì)于這趟“科考之旅”，汪建表示：“我們希望數(shù)字化基因信息能為有關(guān)生命起源、生物多樣性以及極端環(huán)境適應(yīng)等問(wèn)題提供啟發(fā)。”
"We hope that the digitized genetic materials will shed light on questions about the origin of life, biodiversity, and extreme environmental adaptation."
用創(chuàng)新回答難題
探索生命的奧秘，用科技創(chuàng)新解決難題，是每一個(gè)科學(xué)家的愿景，也是華大基因多年來(lái)踐行的初心和使命。
Exploring life and tackling difficulties with technological innovation is the vision of every scientist. It is also what BGI Genomics has been committed to for years.
2018年，華大科技技術(shù)總監(jiān)唐沖博士帶領(lǐng)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)的Dr. Tom多組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘系統(tǒng)正式上線(xiàn)。
In 2018, BGI launched Dr. Tom, an advanced and intuitive data visualization system for efficient analysis and discovery. It was developed by a team led by Tang Chong, deputy director of research and development department at BGI Tech.
據(jù)介紹，Dr. Tom 多組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)挖掘系統(tǒng)整合了多個(gè)國(guó)際常用的基因數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和生物信息分析工具，沒(méi)有相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶(hù)也能輕松完成生信分析。該系統(tǒng)能夠個(gè)性化地幫助用戶(hù)輕松完成從建庫(kù)、測(cè)序到分析的工作，方便快捷地挖掘基因和蛋白數(shù)據(jù)價(jià)值，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行可視化的分析和解讀。
According to the company, Dr. Tom integrates international gene databases and bioinformatics tools, which helps inexperienced users to conduct the bioinformatics analysis. It provides users with tailor-made services from database construction, sequencing and analysis, helping to efficiently complete the data mining of genes and proteins, and data visualization analysis and interpretation.
憑借“交互式”“智能”的核心優(yōu)勢(shì)，該系統(tǒng)給多組學(xué)大數(shù)據(jù)的分析挖掘帶來(lái)了極大的便利性，上線(xiàn)三年多以來(lái)，該系統(tǒng)已有來(lái)自全球20個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的用戶(hù)。
With interactive and intelligent competitiveness, the system benefits the analysis of omics data. Over the past three years, it has been used by scientists and researchers from more than 20 countries and regions.
作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的主研人員，唐沖在《自然》雜志的采訪(fǎng)中表示：“我們的可視化功能可以有效促進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì)想法交流，促進(jìn)溝通和協(xié)作?！?/p>
"Our visualization feature is meant to be interactive for idea exchange, encouraging communications and collaborations," Tang said.
華大科技技術(shù)總監(jiān)唐沖
“自從第二代測(cè)序的發(fā)展以來(lái)，對(duì)于普通計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，處理海量的高通量測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)仍是一個(gè)耗時(shí)耗力的事情，”唐沖說(shuō)?！拔覀冞€在不斷改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，過(guò)去需要一天時(shí)間來(lái)分析的基因數(shù)據(jù)，現(xiàn)在只需要一到兩個(gè)小時(shí)?！?/p>
"Since the development of next-generation sequencing, processing the data produced is a time-consuming work for most computers," Tang said. "We are still improving our design, but what used to take a day to quantify genetic data mining now only needs one to two hours."
讓科學(xué)走進(jìn)生活
從參與國(guó)際科研項(xiàng)目到科技創(chuàng)新再到成果轉(zhuǎn)化，華大基因一直致力于讓生命科技普惠可及。
From participating in international science projects to technological innovation and the commercialization of scientific results, BGI Genomics is dedicated to making life science and technology affordable and accessible to the public.
2021年，華大基因與四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院合作發(fā)起“十萬(wàn)例罕見(jiàn)病患者全基因組測(cè)序計(jì)劃”，雙方合作共同建設(shè)基因檢測(cè)公共平臺(tái)。
In 2021, BGI Genomics teamed up with the West China Hospital of Sichuan University to launch the project of sequencing 100,000 people with rare diseases, announcing it would co-build a genetic sequencing platform.
據(jù)悉，“十萬(wàn)例罕見(jiàn)病患者全基因組測(cè)序計(jì)劃”項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃在未來(lái)5年內(nèi)完成中國(guó)十萬(wàn)例罕見(jiàn)病病人的樣本測(cè)序，希望通過(guò)基因組測(cè)序和臨床數(shù)據(jù)，建立罕見(jiàn)病的預(yù)警、診斷、治療與療效評(píng)價(jià)的生物標(biāo)志物和靶標(biāo)體系，形成精準(zhǔn)防治方案，以惠及患者及家庭。
The project plans to complete the sequencing of 100,000 people with rare diseases within five years. It aims to establish biomarkers and targets for early detection, diagnosis, treatment and curative effect evaluation of rare diseases through genome sequencing and clinical data, and forming precise prevention and treatment schemes, which would benefit patients and families.
在中國(guó)，罕見(jiàn)病發(fā)病人群超過(guò)2000萬(wàn)。罕見(jiàn)病是指流行率很低、很少見(jiàn)的疾病，一般為慢性、嚴(yán)重性疾病，常危及生命。世界上有超過(guò)7000種罕見(jiàn)疾病，并以每年250種至280種的速度遞增。據(jù)估算，全球受罕見(jiàn)病影響的人群有2.63億至4.46億人。
In China, there are more than 20 million people with rare diseases. Rare diseases are generally chronic, severe and often life-threatening. There are more than 7,000 rare diseases in the world, and the number is increasing at a rate of 250 to 280 per year. It is estimated that between 263 million and 446 million people suffer from rare diseases worldwide.
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